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Mr.Lin
e270f0f569
This script installs and configures Fail2Ban on Debian 12/13, including old version detection, uninstallation, and whitelist migration. It also performs an automatic ban test while excluding the current public IP.
176 lines
5.1 KiB
Bash
176 lines
5.1 KiB
Bash
#!/bin/bash
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set -euo pipefail
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# Debian 12/13 Fail2Ban SSH 硬化脚本（含旧版检测/卸载/迁移白名单/封禁测试排除自己公网IP）
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# 用法：
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# bash install-fail2ban-debian.sh
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# 可选白名单：
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# IGNORE_IPS="127.0.0.1/8 ::1 你的固定IP" bash install-fail2ban-debian.sh
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if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "请以 root 权限运行"
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exit 1
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fi
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CONF_FILE="/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/99-sshd-hardening.local"
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F2B_LOCAL="/etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.local"
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TS="$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
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IGNORE_IPS="${IGNORE_IPS:-127.0.0.1/8 ::1}"
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# 获取当前公网 IP，用于封禁测试排除
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PUB_IP=$(curl -s https://ifconfig.me || true)
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if [[ -n "$PUB_IP" ]]; then
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echo "检测到当前公网 IP: $PUB_IP (封禁测试将自动排除)"
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else
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PUB_IP=""
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echo "未能检测公网 IP，封禁测试需手动注意不要封自己的 IP"
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fi
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OLD_INSTALLED=false
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if command -v fail2ban-client >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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OLD_INSTALLED=true
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echo "检测到已有 Fail2Ban 安装"
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read -p "是否删除旧版并安装新版本？(y/n) " yn
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case "$yn" in
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[Yy]* )
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echo "停止 Fail2Ban 服务..."
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systemctl stop fail2ban || true
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echo "备份旧配置..."
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mkdir -p /root/fail2ban-backup-${TS}
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cp -r /etc/fail2ban/* /root/fail2ban-backup-${TS}/ || true
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echo "已备份到 /root/fail2ban-backup-${TS}/"
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# 自动提取旧 sshd jail ignoreip
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for OLD_FILE in /etc/fail2ban/jail.local /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.local; do
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if [ -f "$OLD_FILE" ]; then
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OLD_IGNORE=$(grep -E '^ignoreip' "$OLD_FILE" | awk -F= '{print $2}' | xargs || true)
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if [ -n "$OLD_IGNORE" ]; then
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echo "检测到旧 ignoreip: $OLD_IGNORE"
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IGNORE_IPS="$IGNORE_IPS $OLD_IGNORE"
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fi
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fi
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done
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echo "卸载 Fail2Ban..."
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apt-get remove --purge -y fail2ban
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rm -rf /etc/fail2ban
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;;
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* )
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echo "保留旧版 Fail2Ban"
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echo "检测当前 sshd jail 状态："
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fail2ban-client status sshd || echo "未启用 sshd jail 或旧版不支持 systemd backend"
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echo "查看旧封禁 IP（如有）："
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fail2ban-client status sshd | grep "Banned IPs" || echo "无已封禁 IP"
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exit 0
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;;
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esac
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fi
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echo "安装 Fail2Ban 与 nftables..."
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export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
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apt-get update
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apt-get install -y fail2ban nftables python3-systemd
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echo "检测 SSH 端口..."
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SSHD_PORTS="$(sshd -T 2>/dev/null | awk '$1 == "port" {print $2}' | paste -sd, - || true)"
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SSHD_PORTS="${SSHD_PORTS:-22}"
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echo "SSH 端口：${SSHD_PORTS}"
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echo "备份已有配置（如果存在）..."
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[ -f "$CONF_FILE" ] && cp "$CONF_FILE" "${CONF_FILE}.bak.${TS}"
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[ -f "$F2B_LOCAL" ] && cp "$F2B_LOCAL" "${F2B_LOCAL}.bak.${TS}"
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mkdir -p /etc/fail2ban/jail.d
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echo "写入 Debian 12/13 兼容配置：$CONF_FILE"
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cat > "$CONF_FILE" <<EOF
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[DEFAULT]
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ignoreip = ${IGNORE_IPS}
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backend = systemd
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banaction = nftables-multiport
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banaction_allports = nftables-allports
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allowipv6 = auto
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usedns = no
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bantime = 10d
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findtime = 1h
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maxretry = 3
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bantime.increment = true
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bantime.factor = 1
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bantime.maxtime = 20w
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bantime.rndtime = 10m
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[sshd]
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enabled = true
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port = ${SSHD_PORTS}
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filter = sshd[mode=aggressive]
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journalmatch = _SYSTEMD_UNIT=ssh.service + _COMM=sshd
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EOF
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echo "写入 Fail2Ban 本地配置：$F2B_LOCAL"
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cat > "$F2B_LOCAL" <<EOF
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[Definition]
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dbpurgeage = 180d
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EOF
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echo "测试 Fail2Ban 配置..."
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fail2ban-client -t
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echo "启用并重启 Fail2Ban..."
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systemctl enable --now fail2ban
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systemctl restart fail2ban
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echo "------------------------------------------------"
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echo "安装与配置完成！"
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echo "已合并旧版白名单，当前 ignoreip: $IGNORE_IPS"
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echo "查看 sshd jail 状态： fail2ban-client status sshd"
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echo "查看 nftables 封禁规则： nft list ruleset | grep -i f2b -A20"
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echo "查看 Fail2Ban 日志： journalctl -u fail2ban -n 100 --no-pager"
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echo "------------------------------------------------"
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# 自动封禁测试（排除当前公网 IP）
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read -p "是否进行自动封禁测试？(y/n) " testyn
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if [[ "$testyn" =~ ^[Yy] ]]; then
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NUM_IP=3
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echo "抓取最近 $NUM_IP 个失败登录 IP ..."
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FAILED_IPS=$(journalctl -u ssh.service -p err --no-pager \
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| grep "Failed password" \
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| awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$/){print $i}}}' \
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| sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | awk '{print $2}' | head -n $NUM_IP)
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if [ -z "$FAILED_IPS" ]; then
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echo "未找到失败登录 IP，建议手动尝试几次错误密码登录后再测试"
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exit 0
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fi
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# 排除当前公网 IP
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SAFE_IPS=""
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for IP in $FAILED_IPS; do
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if [[ "$IP" == "$PUB_IP" ]]; then
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echo "跳过封禁当前公网 IP: $IP"
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else
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SAFE_IPS="$SAFE_IPS $IP"
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fi
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done
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if [[ -z "$SAFE_IPS" ]]; then
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echo "没有可封禁的测试 IP（都被排除掉了），跳过封禁测试"
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exit 0
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fi
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echo "将封禁以下测试 IP： $SAFE_IPS"
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for IP in $SAFE_IPS; do
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echo "模拟封禁 IP: $IP"
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fail2ban-client set sshd banip $IP
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done
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echo
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echo "查看 sshd jail 状态："
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fail2ban-client status sshd
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echo
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echo "如需解封测试 IP，可运行："
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for IP in $SAFE_IPS; do
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echo " fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip $IP"
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done
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fi
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